Nationalist type

The typical features of the manifestos are a strong emphasis on national sovereignty, racism and xenophobia, rejection of the integrated role of the Czech Republic in the EU, an emphasis on conserv

Religious-nationalist type

The first group identified after analysis of the manifestos of the relevant Polish political parties is formed by the documents of the parties which centered their political message around two high

Conservative-nationalist type

The first and most important aspect of the conservative-nationalist group of manifestos is their preoccupation with the power and greatness of the Polish nation, its state and history.

Liberal-nationalist type

The notion of nation was important in the manifestos of both PO and PSL. They often referred to Polish identity which was shaped by Christian values.

Liberal type

Liberal manifestos tend to neglect or even make no references to the nation and its identity or culture.